| ABIM-style answer choices for interactive EKG interpretation |
Chapter 22
|
| Abnormal Q wave |
Figure 61
|
| Accelerated ventricular beats |
Figure 34
|
| Accessory pathway |
Figure 46
|
| Action Potential |
Figure 1
|
| Acute cor pulmonale including pulmonary embolism |
Chapter 16,
Figure 73
|
| Add the Augmented Limb Leads |
Chapter 5
|
| Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) |
Figure 37
|
| Anterior axillary line (V5) |
Figure 11
|
| Anterior precordial leads (V3 and V4) |
Figure 12
|
| Anterior wall MI |
Figure 64
|
| Anteroseptal MI, acute |
Figure 71
|
| Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Yamaguchi disease) |
Figure 101
|
| Arrhythmias |
Chapter 10a,
Chapter 10b,
Chapter 10c,
Chapter 10d
|
| Artifacts on EKG |
Chapter 18
|
| Ashman phenomenon (Functional {rate-related} aberrant intraventricular conduction) |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Atrial contraction |
Chapter 3,
Figure 4,
Chapter 7
|
| Atrial fibrillation (Afib) |
Figure 16,
Figure 67,
Chapter 19,
Figure 92
|
| Afib with rapid ventricular response |
Figure 28
|
| Atrial flutter (Afl) |
Figure 29
|
| Atrial premature complex (APC) |
Figure 17
|
| Atrial tachycardia |
Figure 30,
Figure 69
|
| Atrioventricular canal defect, complete |
Figure 56
|
| Atrioventricular node (AV node) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) |
Figure 32
|
| Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) |
Figure 46
|
| Augmented limb leads aVR, aVL aVF |
Chapter 5,
Figure 9
|
| Automatic AV junctional tachycardia |
Figure 31
|
| AV block |
Chapter 11
|
| AV bundle (His bundle) |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| AV dissociation |
Figure 33,
Figure 42,
Figure 43
|
| AV junction |
Chapter 3,
Figure 28
|
| AV junctional escape beat |
Figure 24,
Figure 25,
Figure 26
|
| AV junctional premature complexes |
Figure 19
|
| AV node |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Axis Determination on an EKG |
Chapter 12
|
| Bazett formula for calculating QTc |
Chapter 17,
Figure 77
|
| Bifascicular block (LAFB and RBBB) |
Figure 71
|
| Bifascicular block, intermittent (LPFB and RBBB) |
Figure 71a
|
| Bipolar limb leads I, II, III (3 in all) |
Chapter 4,
Figure 7
|
| Biventricular pacing (RBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19,
Figure 87
|
| Blocked APCs |
Figure 18
|
| Brugada syndrome |
Figure 93
|
| Bundle branches |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2
|
| Bundle Branch Block (BBB) |
Figure 44,
Figure 45
|
| Calcium ions |
Figure 1
|
| Capture beats |
Figure 34
|
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for ventricular fibrillation (VF) |
Figure 37
|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders and the EKG |
Chapter 18
|
| Chest (Precordial) Leads V1-V6 |
Chapter 6
|
| Chest and Lung Disease and the EKG |
Chapter 16
|
| Clock face for axis |
Figure 47
|
| Colored quads for axis |
Figure 48
|
| Compensatory pause |
Figure 17,
Figure 20
|
| Competing AV junctional pacemaker |
Figure 16
|
| Coordinating the Action Potential with the Surface EKG |
Chapter 2,
Figure 1
|
| Coronal plane |
Chapter 4
|
| Coronary artery anatomy and how it relates to the electrical conduction through the heart |
Chapter 15
|
| Cornell Criteria for LVH: |
Chapter 13,
Figure 54,
Figure 55
|
| Correct electrode placement RA & RL |
Figure 90
|
| Course of electricity through the normal heart |
Chapter 3
|
| Cushing reflex |
Figure 84
|
| DDD BiV pacemaker |
Figure 84
|
| Delta wave |
Figure 46
|
| Depolarization |
Figure 1,
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Determining rate of a wave on EKG graph paper |
Chapter 9
|
| Dextrocardia, mirror image |
Figure 94,
Figure 95
|
| Diagnostic EKGs that are important to recognize (8 of them as unknowns) |
Chapter 22
|
| Digitalis effect |
Figure 68
|
| Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) |
Figure 68
|
| Digitalis toxicity |
Figure 69
|
| Dofetilide and TdP |
Figure 36
|
| Dominant coronary artery |
Chapter 15
|
| Double standard voltage (20 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8
|
| Drugs that are associated with QTc prolongation |
Chapter 17,
Figure 35,
Figure 36,
Figure 77,
Figure 78
|
| Early repolarization (normal variant) |
Figure 96
|
| Eccles, John C |
Chapter 1
|
| Ectopic atrial focus |
Chapter 7
|
| Einthoven, Willem |
Chapter 1
|
| Einthoven’s triangle |
Figure 7
|
| Einthoven’s triangle and the EKG Limb Leads I, II, and III |
Chapter 4,
Figure 8
|
| Electrical alternans (diagnostic of cardiac tamponade) |
Figure 97
|
| EKG is recorded on Graph Paper |
Chapter 8
|
| Electrocardiogram |
Chapter 1
|
| Electrocardiograph |
Chapter 1
|
| Electrodes |
Figure 1,
Figure 20
|
| Electrolyte Disturbances, Drug toxicity and the EKG |
Chapter 17
|
| Escape mechanism |
Figure 42
|
| First degree AV block |
Figure 38
|
| Fixed coupling |
Figure 20
|
| Functional (rate-related) aberrant intraventricular conduction (Ashman phenomenon) |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Fusion beats |
Figure 34
|
| Galvani, Luigi |
Chapter 1
|
| Graph paper squares on EKG (timing) |
Chapter 8
|
| Group beating |
Figure 40
|
| Haloperidol, hypokalemia and TdP |
Figure 35
|
| Half standard voltage (5 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8,
Figure 54
|
| Heart Block |
Chapter 11
|
| Heart Blocks and WPW |
Chapter 11
|
| Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) |
Figure 64,
Chapter 19
|
| High-grade AV block |
Chapter 15
|
| His bundle (AV bundle) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Hodgkin, Alan L |
Chapter 1
|
| Hurst, J. Willis |
Figure 68
|
| Huxley, Andrew F |
Chapter 1
|
| HypERcalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 79
|
| HypERkalemia |
Figure 38,
Chapter 17,
Figure 74,
Figure 75
|
| HypERkalemia and hypocalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 81
|
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
Chapter 13,
Figure 101
|
| Hypertrophy and Enlargement |
Chapter 13
|
| Hypertrophy influences QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| HypOcalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 80
|
| HypOkalemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 76,
Figure 78
|
| HypOkalemia is not tolerated while taking sotalol with QT prolongation |
Figure 78
|
| HypOmagnesemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 80
|
| Hypothermia (with Osborn waves) |
Figure 98,
Figure 99
|
| Incorrect electrode placement, RA & LA (transposition) |
Figure 88
|
| Incorrect electrode placement, RA & RL (transposition) with microvoltage in lead II |
Figure 89
|
| Increased vagal tone |
Figure 61
|
| Infarcted muscle (scarred) influences QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| Infarction |
Chapter 14
|
| Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (Inferior MI) |
Figure 44,
Figure 61,
Figure 62,
Figure 63
|
| Injury |
Figure 60
|
| Interpolated VPC: |
Figure 21
|
| Intrinsicoid deflection (time from onset to peak of R wave ≥0.05 s in V5 and V6) in LVH |
Chapter 13,
Figure 101
|
| Introduction |
Chapter 1
|
| Inverted P wave |
Figure 19,
Chapter 9
|
| Ischemia, Injury and Infarction |
Chapter 14
|
| J waves (Osborn waves) of hypothermia |
Figure 98
|
| Juvenile T wave pattern (normal variant) |
Figure 100
|
| Lateral precordial leads (Left precordial leads) (V5, V6) |
Figure 12
|
| Lateral wall injury |
Figure 65
|
| Left atrial enlargement |
Figure 57
|
| Left atrial appendage thrombus that forms during Afib might embolize |
Figure 28
|
| Left bundle branch (LBB) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 15
|
| Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) |
Figure 45
|
| LBBB, incomplete |
Figure 45
|
| Left anterior descending (LAD) branch |
Chapter 15
|
| Left anterior fascicle |
Chapter 15
|
| Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB): |
Chapter 15,
Figure 70,
Figure 71
|
| LAFB with RBBB (bifascicular block) |
Figure 71
|
| Left axis deviation |
Figure 49,
Figure 52,
Figure 64
|
| Left axis deviation practice case |
Figure 52
|
| Left circumflex (LCx) branch |
Chapter 15
|
| Left coronary artery (LCA) |
Chapter 15
|
| Left posterior fascicle |
Chapter 15
|
| Left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) |
Chapter 15,
Figure 71a
|
| LPFB with intermittent RBBB: |
Figure 71a
|
| Left precordial leads (Lateral precordial leads) (V5, V6) |
Figure 12
|
| LVH, diagnosis by precordial lead V1 |
Chapter 13
|
| LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy) is usually in response to pressure overload |
Chapter 13,
Figure 54
|
| LVH with LV volume overload |
Chapter 13,
Figure 55
|
| Left ventricular aneurysm by EKG |
Figure 63,
Figure 64
|
| Left ventricular pacing (RBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19
|
| Limb leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF (6 in all) |
Figure 10
|
| Location of the Precordial leads (V1-V6) in interspaces four and five in the coronal plane |
Figure 11
|
| Long-term EKG rhythm monitoring when Afib is suspected but not found on 12-lead EKG |
Figure 28
|
| Long QT from sotalol |
Chapter 17
|
| Long QT + hypokalemia |
Figure 78
|
| Low voltage in limb leads |
Chapter 16,
Figure 72,
Figure 92
|
| Low voltage in Precordial leads |
Chapter 16,
Figure 92
|
| Mean Vector |
Chapter 12
|
| Microvoltage in lead II |
Figure 89
|
| Mid-axillary line V6 |
Figure 11
|
| Mid-clavicular line V4 |
Figure 11
|
| Mobitz, Waldemar |
Figure 40,
Figure 41
|
| Mobitz Type I, 2nd degree AV block |
Figure 40
|
| Mobitz Type II, 2nd degree AV block |
Figure 41
|
| Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) |
Figure 15
|
| Multifocal VPCs (Torsades de Pointes) |
Figure 35
|
| Myocardial blood supply is Subepi to Subendo |
Chapter 14
|
| Myocardial hypertrophy |
Chapter 13
|
| Myocardial infarction |
Chapter 14
|
| Myocardial ischemia |
Chapter 14
|
| Nonspecific ST and/or T wave abnormalities |
Figure 92,
Figure 97
|
| Normal axis practice cases |
Figure 51,
Figure 53
|
| Normal EKG: |
Figure 95,
Figure 99
|
| Normal standard voltage (10 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8
|
| Normal variant EKG |
Figure 96,
Figure 100
|
| Organization and Rationale for an EKG tracing |
Chapter 21,
Figure 91
|
| Orientation of Precordial leads (V1-V6) in the Transverse Plane |
Figure 12
|
| Osborn waves of hypothermia |
Figure 98
|
| Overshoot of depolarization |
Figure 1
|
| P-mitrale |
Figure 57
|
| P-pulmonale |
Figure 58
|
| P wave |
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| P wave axis |
Figure 53
|
| Pacemakers, introduction |
Chapter 19
|
| Pacemaker nomenclature |
Chapter 19,
Figure 87
|
| Pacemaker sensing problem |
Figure 86
|
| Paper speed (sweep speed) on EKG (25 mm/s) |
Chapter 8
|
| Pause in AV node |
Figure 4,
Chapter 7
|
| Pericardial rub |
Figure 67
|
| Pericarditis, acute |
Figure 67
|
| Physiologic splitting of S2 vs paradoxic splitting of S2 |
Figure 45
|
| Polarity |
Figure 1
|
| Polymorphic VT (Torsades de Pointes) |
Figure 35,
Figure 36
|
| Posterior wall MI |
Figure 66
|
| Potassium (K) ions |
Figure 1
|
| PQRST and Intervals for labeling of waves and intervals on the EKG |
Figure 6
|
| PQRST on EKG graph paper |
Figure 13
|
| Precordial leads (chest leads) V1-V6 (6 in all) |
Figure 11,
Figure 12
|
| Precordial leads to help locate QRS vector |
Figure 53
|
| PR interval |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| Pseudo-inferior infarction in WPW |
Figure 91
|
| Purkinje fibers |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2
|
| Purkinje, Jan E. |
Figure 44
|
| Q wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Figure 61
|
| QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| QRS complex |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| QT interval |
Chapter 17
|
| QT prolongation |
Chapter 17,
Figure 35,
Figure 98
|
| R on T phenomenon |
Figure 35
|
| R wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Rate-related aberrant intraventricular conduction |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Reciprocal changes |
Figure 65
|
| Refractory period |
Chapter 2,
Figure 1,
Figure 18,
Figure 22,
Figure 86,
Figure 92
|
| Repolarization |
Figure 1,
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Repolarization changes of LV hypertrophy from hypertension |
Figure 54
|
| Respiratory rate assessment in rhythm strip V1 |
Figure 72,
Figure 74
|
| Retrograde-conducted P wave |
Figure 19
|
| Rhythm strips, 3 best (V1, II and V5) |
Figure 45,
Chapter 21,
Figure 91
|
| Right atrial enlargement |
Figure 58
|
| Right atrial pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Right axis deviation |
Figure 50,
Figure 73
|
| Right bundle branch (RBB) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 15
|
| Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) |
Figure 41,
Figure 44,
Figure 71,
Figure 71a
|
| RBBB, incomplete |
Figure 45,
Figure 93
|
| Right coronary artery (RCA) |
Chapter 15
|
| Right precordial leads (septal leads) (V1, V2) |
Figure 12
|
| RVH (right ventricular hypertrophy) diagnosis by large R wave in V1 |
Chapter 13
|
| RVH with tall R (V1-V3), repolarization changes and deep S (V5-V6) |
Figure 56
|
| Right ventricular pacing (LBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19,
Figure 85,
Figure 86
|
| Rosenbaum, Mauricio |
Chapter 15
|
| S wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| S1, Q3, T3 pattern |
Figure 73
|
| SA block |
Figure 27
|
| SA node (sino-atrial node) |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Salvos of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) |
Figure 23,
Figure 63
|
| Sampling frequency on EKG (100Hz) |
Figure 13,
Figure 85
|
| Sawtooth pattern (Afl) |
Figure 29
|
| Second degree AV block |
Figure 39,
Figure 40,
Figure 41
|
| Septal leads (right precordial leads) (V1, V2) |
Figure 12
|
| Short QTc with hypercalcemia |
Figure 79
|
| Sinoatrial exit block |
Figure 27
|
| Sino-atrial node (SA node) |
Figure 2
|
| Sinus arrest |
Figure 26,
Figure 75
|
| Sinus arrhythmia |
Figure 14,
Figure 34,
Figure 96
|
| Sinus bradycardia |
Chapter 7,
Figure 84,
Figure 92,
Figure 98,
Figure 101
|
| Sinus pause |
Figure 26
|
| Sinus rhythm |
Chapter 7,
Figure 93,
Figure 94,
Figure 95,
Figure 96,
Figure 100
|
| Sinus tachycardia |
Chapter 7,
Figure 33,
Figure 97
|
| Sodium ions |
Figure 1
|
| ST segment |
Figure 6,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 14
|
| ST segment depression |
Figure 59
|
| Stokes Adams Syndrome |
Figure 42
|
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage with ST and/or T wave changes resemble myocardial ischemia |
Figure 82,
Figure 83
|
| Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with automatic focus or with reentrant mechanism |
Figure 31,
Figure 32
|
| Surface EKG |
Figure 1
|
| Sustained VT |
Figure 33
|
| T wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| T waves, tall and upright with LVH due to volume overload |
Figure 55
|
| T wave axis |
Figure 53
|
| Ta waves: |
Figure 57,
Figure 58
|
| The importance of correct EKG electrode placement |
Chapter 20
|
| The 2 most common errors in EKG electrode placement |
Chapter 20
|
| Third degree AV block (3rd degree AV block) |
Figure 42,
Chapter 15,
Figure 85
|
| Third degree AV block (congenital) |
Figure 43
|
| Torsades de Pointes (TdP) |
Figure 35,
Figure 36,
Figure 78
|
| Transcutaneous pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Transvenous pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Transverse plane |
Chapter 6,
Figure 12
|
| Two to One AV block (2nd degree AV block with 2:1 AV conduction) |
Figure 39
|
| U waves (prominent) with hypOkalemia |
Figure 76
|
| Unifocal Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPCs) |
Figure 20,
Figure 22
|
| Unipolar limb leads aVR, aVL, aVF (3 in all) |
Chapter 5
|
| Unknown Cases to practice what you have learned |
Case 1,
Case 2,
Case 3,
Case 3a,
Case 4,
Case 5,
Case 6,
Case 6a,
Case 7,
Case 8
|
| Vector direction |
Figure 46a
|
| Vector in mathematics |
Chapter 12
|
| Vector magnitude |
Figure 46a
|
| Ventricular bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy |
Figure 23
|
| Ventricular contraction |
Chapter 3,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 12
|
| Ventricular depolarization |
Figure 5
|
| Ventricular depolarization ENDO to EPI |
Chapter 12
|
| Ventricular escape beat |
Figure 24
|
| Ventricular escape rhythm |
Figure 75
|
| Ventricular fibrillation |
Figure 37
|
| Ventricular foci |
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular hypertrophy |
Chapter 13
|
| Ventricular Parasystole |
Figure 22
|
| Ventricular relaxation |
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular repolarization |
Figure 5,
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular tachycardia (VT) with AV dissociation |
Figure 33
|
| Volta, Alessandro |
Chapter 1
|
| Voltage on Y axis |
Chapter 8
|
| VVI pacemaker |
Figure 85
|
| Waller, Augustus D. |
Chapter 1
|
| Wandering atrial pacemaker |
Figure 15
|
| Wenckebach 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz Type I, 2nd degree AV block) |
Figure 40
|
| Wilson, Frank N. |
Chapter 1,
Chapter 5
|
| Withering, William |
Figure 68
|
| Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) |
Figure 46,
Figure 91
|
| WPW Syndrome |
Figure 46
|
| X axis (timing) |
Chapter 8
|
| Y axis (voltage) |
Chapter 8
|
| Yamaguchi disease (apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) |
Figure 101
|