| ABIM-style answer choices for interactive EKG interpretation |
Chapter 22
|
| Abnormal Q wave |
Figure 61
|
| Accelerated ventricular beats |
Figure 34
|
| Accessory pathway |
Figure 46
|
| Action Potential |
Figure 1
|
| Acute cor pulmonale including pulmonary embolism |
Chapter 16,
Figure 73
|
| Add the Augmented Limb Leads |
Chapter 5
|
| Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) |
Figure 37
|
| Anterior axillary line (V5) |
Figure 11
|
| Anterior precordial leads (V3 and V4) |
Figure 12
|
| Anterior wall MI |
Figure 64
|
| Anterolateral MI, hyperacute |
Figure 111
|
| Anteroseptal MI, acute |
Figure 71
|
| Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (Yamaguchi disease) |
Figure 101
|
| Arrhythmias |
Chapter 10a,
Chapter 10b,
Chapter 10c,
Chapter 10d
|
| Artery to AV node |
Case 16
|
| Artifacts on EKG |
Chapter 18
|
| Ashman phenomenon (Functional {rate-related} aberrant intraventricular conduction) |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Atrial contraction |
Chapter 3,
Figure 4,
Chapter 7
|
| Atrial fibrillation (Afib) |
Figure 16,
Figure 67,
Chapter 19,
Figure 92
|
| Afib with rapid ventricular response |
Figure 28
|
| Atrial flutter (Afl) |
Figure 29
|
| Atrial premature complex (APC) |
Figure 17
|
| Atrial tachycardia |
Figure 30,
Figure 69
|
| Atrioventricular canal defect, complete |
Figure 56
|
| Atrioventricular node (AV node) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) |
Figure 32
|
| Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) |
Figure 46
|
| Atrioventricular valves |
Case 9
|
| Augmented limb leads aVR, aVL aVF |
Chapter 5,
Figure 9
|
| Automatic AV junctional tachycardia |
Figure 31
|
| AV block |
Chapter 11
|
| AV bundle (His bundle) |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| AV dissociation |
Figure 33,
Figure 42,
Figure 43
|
| AV junction |
Chapter 3,
Figure 28
|
| AV junctional escape beat |
Figure 24,
Figure 25,
Figure 26,
Figure 102
|
| AV junctional premature complexes |
Figure 19
|
| AV node |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Axis Determination on an EKG |
Chapter 12
|
| Bazett formula for calculating QTc |
Chapter 17,
Figure 77
|
| Bifascicular block (LAFB and RBBB) |
Figure 71
|
| Bifascicular block, intermittent (LPFB and RBBB) |
Figure 71a
|
| Bipolar limb leads I, II, III (3 in all) |
Chapter 4,
Figure 7
|
| Biventricular pacing (RBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19,
Figure 87
|
| Blocked APCs |
Figure 18
|
| Brugada syndrome |
Figure 93
|
| Bundle branches |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2
|
| Bundle Branch Block (BBB) |
Figure 44,
Figure 45
|
| Calcium ions |
Figure 1
|
| Capture beats |
Figure 34
|
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for ventricular fibrillation (VF) |
Figure 37
|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders and the EKG |
Chapter 18
|
| Chest (Precordial) Leads V1-V6 |
Chapter 6
|
| Chest and Lung Disease and the EKG |
Chapter 16
|
| Clock face for axis |
Figure 47
|
| Colored quads for axis |
Figure 48
|
| Compensatory pause |
Figure 17,
Figure 20
|
| Competing AV junctional pacemaker |
Figure 16
|
| Coordinating the Action Potential with the Surface EKG |
Chapter 2,
Figure 1
|
| Coronal plane |
Chapter 4
|
| Coronary artery anatomy and how it relates to the electrical conduction through the heart |
Chapter 15
|
| Coronary artery vasoconstriction |
Case 18
|
| Cornell Criteria for LVH: |
Chapter 13,
Figure 54,
Figure 55
|
| Correct electrode placement RA & RL |
Figure 90
|
| Course of electricity through the normal heart |
Chapter 3
|
| Cushing reflex |
Figure 84
|
| DDD BiV pacemaker |
Figure 84
|
| Delta wave |
Figure 46
|
| Depolarization |
Figure 1,
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Determining rate of a wave on EKG graph paper |
Chapter 9
|
| Dextrocardia, mirror image |
Figure 94,
Figure 95
|
| Diagnostic EKGs that are important to recognize (8 of them as unknowns) |
Chapter 22
|
| Digitalis effect |
Figure 68
|
| Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) |
Figure 68
|
| Digitalis toxicity |
Figure 69
|
| Dofetilide and TdP |
Figure 36
|
| Dominant coronary artery |
Chapter 15,
Case 16
|
| Double standard voltage (20 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8
|
| Drugs that are associated with QTc prolongation |
Chapter 17,
Figure 35,
Figure 36,
Figure 77,
Figure 78
|
| Early repolarization (normal variant) |
Figure 96
|
| Eccles, John C |
Chapter 1
|
| Ectopic atrial focus |
Chapter 7
|
| Einthoven, Willem |
Chapter 1
|
| Einthoven’s triangle |
Figure 7
|
| Einthoven’s triangle and the EKG Limb Leads I, II, and III |
Chapter 4,
Figure 8
|
| Electrical alternans (diagnostic of cardiac tamponade) |
Figure 97
|
| EKG is recorded on Graph Paper |
Chapter 8
|
| Electrocardiogram |
Chapter 1
|
| Electrocardiograph |
Chapter 1
|
| Electrodes |
Figure 1,
Figure 20
|
| Electrolyte Disturbances, Drug toxicity and the EKG |
Chapter 17
|
| Escape mechanism |
Figure 42
|
| Eustachian valve (valve of the IVC) |
Case 9
|
| Fireman’s hat pattern |
Figure 111
|
| First degree AV block |
Figure 38,
Figure 108,
Figure 109
|
| Fixed coupling |
Figure 20
|
| Functional (rate-related) aberrant intraventricular conduction (Ashman phenomenon) |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Fusion beats |
Figure 34
|
| Galvani, Luigi |
Chapter 1
|
| Graph paper squares on EKG (timing) |
Chapter 8
|
| Group beating |
Figure 40
|
| Haloperidol, hypokalemia and TdP |
Figure 35,
Figure 107
|
| Half standard voltage (5 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8,
Figure 54
|
| Heart Block |
Chapter 11
|
| Heart Blocks and WPW |
Chapter 11
|
| Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) |
Figure 64,
Chapter 19
|
| High-grade AV block |
Chapter 15
|
| His bundle (AV bundle) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Hodgkin, Alan L |
Chapter 1
|
| Hurst, J. Willis |
Figure 68
|
| Huxley, Andrew F |
Chapter 1
|
| HypERcalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 79,
Figure 108
|
| HypERkalemia |
Figure 38,
Chapter 17,
Figure 74,
Figure 75
|
| HypERkalemia and hypocalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 81
|
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) |
Chapter 13,
Figure 101
|
| Hypertrophy and Enlargement |
Chapter 13
|
| Hypertrophy influences QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| HypOcalcemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 80
|
| HypOkalemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 76,
Figure 78,
Figure 106
|
| HypOkalemia is not tolerated while taking sotalol with QT prolongation |
Figure 78
|
| HypOmagnesemia |
Chapter 17,
Figure 80
|
| Hypothermia (with Osborn waves) |
Figure 98,
Figure 99
|
| Incorrect electrode placement, RA & LA (transposition) |
Figure 88,
Figure 103
|
| Incorrect electrode placement, RA & RL (transposition) with microvoltage in lead II |
Figure 89
|
| Increased vagal tone |
Figure 61
|
| Infarcted muscle (scarred) influences QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| Infarction |
Chapter 14
|
| Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (Inferior MI) |
Figure 44,
Figure 61,
Figure 62,
Figure 63,
Figure 105,
Figure 109
|
| Injury |
Figure 60
|
| Interpolated VPC: |
Figure 21
|
| Intrinsicoid deflection (time from onset to peak of R wave ≥0.05 s in V5 and V6) in LVH |
Chapter 13,
Figure 101
|
| Introduction |
Chapter 1
|
| Inverted P wave |
Figure 19,
Chapter 9
|
| Ischemia, Injury and Infarction |
Chapter 14,
Case 18
|
| J waves (Osborn waves) of hypothermia |
Figure 98
|
| Juvenile T wave pattern (normal variant) |
Figure 100
|
| Lateral precordial leads (Left precordial leads) (V5, V6) |
Figure 12
|
| Lateral wall injury |
Figure 65
|
| Leadless pacemaker |
Chapter 19
|
| Left atrial enlargement |
Figure 57
|
| Left atrial appendage thrombus that forms during Afib might embolize |
Figure 28
|
| Left bundle branch (LBB) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 15
|
| Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB) |
Figure 45
|
| LBBB, incomplete |
Figure 45
|
| Left anterior descending (LAD) branch |
Chapter 15
|
| Left anterior fascicle |
Chapter 15
|
| Left anterior fascicular block (LAFB): |
Chapter 15,
Figure 70,
Figure 71,
Figure 110
|
| LAFB with RBBB (bifascicular block) |
Figure 71
|
| Left axis deviation |
Figure 49,
Figure 52,
Figure 64
|
| Left axis deviation practice case |
Figure 52
|
| Left circumflex (LCx) branch |
Chapter 15
|
| Left coronary artery (LCA) |
Chapter 15
|
| Left posterior fascicle |
Chapter 15
|
| Left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) |
Chapter 15,
Figure 71a
|
| LPFB with intermittent RBBB: |
Figure 71a
|
| Left precordial leads (Lateral precordial leads) (V5, V6) |
Figure 12
|
| LVH, diagnosis by precordial lead V1 |
Chapter 13
|
| LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy) is usually in response to pressure overload |
Chapter 13,
Figure 54
|
| LVH with LV volume overload |
Chapter 13,
Figure 55
|
| Left ventricular aneurysm by EKG |
Figure 63,
Figure 64
|
| Left ventricular pacing (RBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19
|
| Limb leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF (6 in all) |
Figure 10
|
| Location of the Precordial leads (V1-V6) in interspaces four and five in the coronal plane |
Figure 11
|
| Long-term EKG rhythm monitoring when Afib is suspected but not found on 12-lead EKG |
Figure 28
|
| Long QT from sotalol |
Chapter 17
|
| Long QT + hypokalemia |
Figure 78
|
| Low voltage in limb leads |
Chapter 16,
Figure 72,
Figure 92
|
| Low voltage in Precordial leads |
Chapter 16,
Figure 92
|
| Mean Vector |
Chapter 12
|
| Microvoltage in lead II |
Figure 89
|
| Mid-axillary line V6 |
Figure 11
|
| Mid-clavicular line V4 |
Figure 11
|
| Mobitz, Waldemar |
Figure 40,
Figure 41
|
| Mobitz Type I, 2nd degree AV block |
Figure 40,
Figure 105
|
| Mobitz Type II, 2nd degree AV block |
Figure 41
|
| Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) |
Figure 15
|
| Multifocal VPCs (Torsades de Pointes) |
Figure 35,
Figure 107
|
| Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) |
Case 15
|
| Myocardial blood supply is Subepi to Subendo |
Chapter 14
|
| Myocardial hypertrophy |
Chapter 13
|
| Myocardial infarction |
Chapter 14
|
| Myocardial ischemia |
Chapter 14
|
| Nonspecific ST and/or T wave abnormalities |
Figure 92,
Figure 97
|
| Normal axis practice cases |
Figure 51,
Figure 53
|
| Normal EKG: |
Figure 95,
Figure 99
|
| Normal standard voltage (10 mm/mV) |
Chapter 8
|
| Normal variant EKG |
Figure 96,
Figure 100
|
| Organization and Rationale for an EKG tracing |
Chapter 21,
Figure 91
|
| Orientation of Precordial leads (V1-V6) in the Transverse Plane |
Figure 12
|
| Osborn waves of hypothermia |
Figure 98
|
| Overshoot of depolarization |
Figure 1
|
| P-mitrale |
Figure 57
|
| P-pulmonale |
Figure 58
|
| P wave |
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| P wave axis |
Figure 53
|
| Pacemakers, introduction |
Chapter 19
|
| Pacemaker nomenclature |
Chapter 19,
Figure 87
|
| Pacemaker sensing problem |
Figure 86
|
| Paper speed (sweep speed) on EKG (25 mm/s) |
Chapter 8
|
| Pause in AV node |
Figure 4,
Chapter 7
|
| Pericardial rub |
Figure 67
|
| Pericarditis, acute |
Figure 67
|
| Physiologic splitting of S2 vs paradoxic splitting of S2 |
Figure 45
|
| Polarity |
Figure 1
|
| Polymorphic VT (Torsades de Pointes) |
Figure 35,
Figure 36
|
| Posterior wall MI |
Figure 66,
Figure 109
|
| Potassium (K) ions |
Figure 1
|
| PQRST and Intervals for labeling of waves and intervals on the EKG |
Figure 6
|
| PQRST on EKG graph paper |
Figure 13
|
| Precordial leads (chest leads) V1-V6 (6 in all) |
Figure 11,
Figure 12
|
| Precordial leads to help locate QRS vector |
Figure 53
|
| PR interval |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| Pseudo-inferior infarction in WPW |
Figure 91
|
| Pulsation of neck veins |
Case 9
|
| Purkinje fibers |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2
|
| Purkinje, Jan E. |
Figure 44
|
| Q wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Figure 61
|
| QRS axis |
Chapter 12
|
| QRS complex |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| QTc must be further corrected in the presence of prolonged QRS duration |
Case 17
|
| QT interval |
Chapter 17
|
| QT prolongation |
Chapter 17,
Figure 35,
Figure 98,
Figure 106,
Figure 107
|
| R on T phenomenon |
Figure 35,
Figure 107
|
| R wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Rate-related aberrant intraventricular conduction |
Figure 28,
Figure 92
|
| Reciprocal changes |
Figure 65
|
| Refractory period |
Chapter 2,
Figure 1,
Figure 18,
Figure 22,
Figure 86,
Figure 92
|
| Repolarization |
Figure 1,
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| Repolarization changes of LV hypertrophy from hypertension |
Figure 54
|
| Respiratory rate assessment in rhythm strip V1 |
Figure 72,
Figure 74
|
| Retrograde-conducted P wave |
Figure 19
|
| Rhythm strips, 3 best (V1, II and V5) |
Figure 45,
Chapter 21,
Figure 91
|
| Right atrial enlargement |
Figure 58
|
| Right atrial pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Right axis deviation |
Figure 50,
Figure 73
|
| Right bundle branch (RBB) |
Figure 2,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 15
|
| Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) |
Figure 41,
Figure 44,
Figure 71,
Figure 71a
|
| RBBB, incomplete |
Figure 45,
Figure 93
|
| Right coronary artery (RCA) |
Chapter 15
|
| Right precordial leads (septal leads) (V1, V2) |
Figure 12
|
| RVH (right ventricular hypertrophy) diagnosis by large R wave in V1 |
Chapter 13
|
| RVH with tall R (V1-V3), repolarization changes and deep S (V5-V6) |
Figure 56
|
| Right ventricular pacing (LBBB pattern) |
Chapter 19,
Figure 85,
Figure 86
|
| Rosenbaum, Mauricio |
Chapter 15
|
| S wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6
|
| S1, Q3, T3 pattern |
Figure 73
|
| SA block |
Figure 27
|
| SA node (sino-atrial node) |
Chapter 3,
Figure 2,
Chapter 7
|
| Salvos of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) |
Figure 23,
Figure 63
|
| Sampling frequency on EKG (100Hz) |
Figure 13,
Figure 85
|
| Sawtooth pattern (Afl) |
Figure 29
|
| Second degree AV block |
Figure 39,
Figure 40,
Figure 41,
Figure 105
|
| Septal leads (right precordial leads) (V1, V2) |
Figure 12
|
| Short QTc with hypercalcemia |
Figure 79
|
| Sinoatrial exit block |
Figure 27
|
| Sino-atrial node (SA node) |
Figure 2
|
| Sinus arrest |
Figure 26,
Figure 75
|
| Sinus arrhythmia |
Figure 14,
Figure 34,
Figure 96,
Figure 102
|
| Sinus bradycardia |
Chapter 7,
Figure 84,
Figure 92,
Figure 98,
Figure 101,
Figure 102
|
| Sinus pause |
Figure 26
|
| Sinus rhythm |
Chapter 7,
Figure 93,
Figure 94,
Figure 95,
Figure 96,
Figure 100,
Figure 103,
Figure 104,
Figure 105,
Figure 106,
Figure 107,
Figure 108,
Figure 109,
Figure 110,
Figure 111
|
| Sinus tachycardia |
Chapter 7,
Figure 33,
Figure 97
|
| Sodium ions |
Figure 1
|
| ST segment |
Figure 6,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 14
|
| ST segment depression |
Figure 59
|
| ST segment prolongation |
Case 13
|
| ST and/or T wave abnormalities suggesting myocardial injury |
Figure 104,
Figure 111
|
| ST and/or T wave abnormalities suggesting electrolyte disturbances |
Figure 106,
Figure 108
|
| ST segment absent with hypercalcemia |
Figure 108
|
| Stokes Adams Syndrome |
Figure 42
|
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage with ST and/or T wave changes resemble myocardial ischemia |
Figure 82,
Figure 83
|
| Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with automatic focus or with reentrant mechanism |
Figure 31,
Figure 32
|
| Surface EKG |
Figure 1
|
| Sustained VT |
Figure 33
|
| T wave |
Chapter 3,
Figure 6,
Chapter 7
|
| T waves, tall and upright with LVH due to volume overload |
Figure 55
|
| T wave axis |
Figure 53
|
| Ta waves: |
Figure 57,
Figure 58
|
| The importance of correct EKG electrode placement |
Chapter 20
|
| The 2 most common errors in EKG electrode placement |
Chapter 20
|
| Third degree AV block (3rd degree AV block) |
Figure 42,
Chapter 15,
Figure 85
|
| Third degree AV block (congenital) |
Figure 43
|
| Tombstone EKG pattern |
Figure 111
|
| Torsades de Pointes (TdP) |
Figure 35,
Figure 36,
Figure 78,
Figure 107
|
| Transcutaneous pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Transvenous pacing |
Chapter 19
|
| Transverse plane |
Chapter 6,
Figure 12
|
| Two to One AV block (2nd degree AV block with 2:1 AV conduction) |
Figure 39,
Figure 105
|
| U waves (prominent) with hypOkalemia |
Figure 76
|
| Unifocal Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPCs) |
Figure 20,
Figure 22
|
| Unipolar limb leads aVR, aVL, aVF (3 in all) |
Chapter 5
|
| Unknown Cases to practice what you have learned |
Case 1,
Case 2,
Case 3,
Case 3a,
Case 4,
Case 5,
Case 6,
Case 6a,
Case 7,
Case 8,
Case 9,
Case 10,
Case 11,
Case 12,
Case 13,
Case 14,
Case 15,
Case 16,
Case 17,
Case 18
|
| Vector direction |
Figure 46a
|
| Vector in mathematics |
Chapter 12
|
| Vector magnitude |
Figure 46a
|
| Ventricular bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy |
Figure 23
|
| Ventricular contraction |
Chapter 3,
Chapter 7,
Chapter 12
|
| Ventricular depolarization |
Figure 5
|
| Ventricular depolarization ENDO to EPI |
Chapter 12
|
| Ventricular escape beat |
Figure 24
|
| Ventricular escape rhythm |
Figure 75
|
| Ventricular fibrillation |
Figure 37
|
| Ventricular foci |
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular hypertrophy |
Chapter 13
|
| Ventricular Parasystole |
Figure 22
|
| Ventricular premature complex (VPC) |
Figure 107
|
| Ventricular relaxation |
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular repolarization |
Figure 5,
Chapter 7
|
| Ventricular tachycardia (VT) with AV dissociation |
Figure 33
|
| Volta, Alessandro |
Chapter 1
|
| Voltage on Y axis |
Chapter 8
|
| VVI pacemaker |
Figure 85
|
| Waller, Augustus D. |
Chapter 1
|
| Wandering atrial pacemaker |
Figure 15
|
| Wellens’ sign |
Figure 104
|
| Wenckebach 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz Type I, 2nd degree AV block) |
Figure 40
|
| Wilson, Frank N. |
Chapter 1,
Chapter 5
|
| Withering, William |
Figure 68
|
| Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) |
Figure 46,
Figure 91
|
| WPW Syndrome |
Figure 46
|
| X axis (timing) |
Chapter 8
|
| Y axis (voltage) |
Chapter 8
|
| Yamaguchi disease (apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) |
Figure 101
|